作者在多年教学经验的基础上，结合医学统编教材及外文原版教材的相关内容编写。《医学基础导读——英文读本》由18章组成，内容涵盖医学构词法，医学科学概述，疾病，人体基本组成，人体各大系统的基本解剖和生理功能，外科学，免疫与肿瘤，精神疾病，药理学，诊断学。《医学基础导读——英文读本》收集基础医学词汇约1500余条。内容浅显易懂，适用于临床医学、护理学、检验医学、预防医学各专业学生学习医学专业英语的入门教材，同时也可作为医务工作者提高和学习医学专业英语的自学读本。
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适用于临床医学、护理学、检验医学、预防医学各专业学生学习医学专业英语的入门教材，同时也可作为医务工作者提高和学习医学专业英语的自学读本。
CONTENTS
PART Ⅰ GENERAL PRINCIPLES 001
Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Terminology 003
Chapter 2 Overview of Medical Science 016
Chapter 3 Diseases 028
Chapter 4 Levels of Organization of the Human Body 039
Chapter 5 Genetics 049
Chapter 6 Pharmacology 055
PART Ⅱ ORGAN SYSTEMS 069
Chapter 7 Integumentary System 071
Chapter 8 Musculoskeletal System 078
Chapter 9 Cardiovascular System ,Blood and Lymph 088
Chapter 10 Respiratory System 103
Chapter 11 Digestive System 111
Chapter 12 Urinary System 120
Chapter 13 Nervous System 128
Chapter 14 Special Senses 140
Chapter 15 Endocrine System 150
Chapter 16 Reproductive System 160
Appendix Ⅰ Glossary 169
Appendix Ⅱ Commonly Used Word Components 191
Appendix Ⅲ Clinically Used Abbreviations 213
Appendix Ⅳ Key to Exercises 240
Selected References 249
PART Ⅰ GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Chapter 1.Introduction to Medical Terminology
Medicine is a science of human body. Medical professionals use medical language for efficient communication. Medical terminology, which is the jargon of medicine, involves a special group of vocabulary used to describe the human body, body parts, and associated processes, and clinical conditions.
Formation of Medical Terms
Medical terms are formed mainly based on Greek and Latin words. Some of the medical terms are long and quite confusing. However most of the medical terms can be broken into different parts which make more sense. Gastroenteritis, for example, can be divided into “gastr-”, which means the stomach; “enter-”, which means the intestine, and “-itis”, which means inf.lammation. Thus gastroenteritis refers to inf.lammation of the stomach and intestine.
Medical terms have three components: word roots, prefixes and suffixes. Different parts of the word are connected by a combining vowel (usually o, sometimes e, i, u, and sometimes omitted) to form a medical term. For example, the word peri-oste-o-tomy is formed by a word root (oste-), a prefix (peri-), a combining vowel (o), and a suffix (-tomy) (Fig.1-1).
Fig.1-1 Components of medical terms
Word Roots
Word roots are the fundamental parts of medical terms. A word root gives the basic meaning of a medical term. Because of the origin of word roots, some medical terms may look different but mean the same. For example, both epinephrine and adrenaline refer to the same hormone secreted from a gland situated above the kidney. These two words contain a root meaning the kidney. Epinephrine has a Greek root “nephr” while adrenaline comes from a Latin root “ren”.
Prefixes
Prefixes are the parts of a word attached before a word root. A prefix functions to modify a word root without changing the central meaning of it. It may refer to size, shape, color, direction, position, amount, etc. For instance, intercostal means between the ribs while infracostal means below the ribs.
Suffixes
Suffixes are word endings. A suffix is the part of a word added to the end of a word root. Just like a prefix, a suffix functions to modify the word root. It may refer to an instrument (e.g., -scope), a test (e.g., -metry), a procedure (e.g., -tomy), or a clinical problem (e.g., -oma, meaning a tumor). A suffix can be used to change the form of a word from a noun, for instant, to an adjective, e.g., muscle to muscular.
Commonly Used Pref ixes and Suff ixes in Medicine
Prefixes
Prefix Meaning Example
a- without 无，没有 asepsis 无菌处理法
an- anesthesia 麻醉
ab- away from 远离 abnormal 异常
Prefix Meaning Example
ante- before, in front of 在……前 antecubital 肘前的
anti- against 反，对抗 antibody 抗体
auto- self 自我的 autonomic 自动的
bi- two 二 bilateral 双侧的
de- remove 去掉 dehydration 脱水
di- two 二 dioxide 二氧化物
dis- apart or separation 分离 dislocation 脱臼，脱位
dys- painful, diff icult 痛 dysuria 尿痛
endo- inside, inner 内部的 endocrine 内分泌
erythro- red 红色的 erythrocyte 红细胞
ex- away from, outside 离开，外部的 exogenous 外源的
ex- out of 去掉 excision 切除
extra- outside, beyond 在……之外 extracellular 细胞外的
hemi- half 半个 hemisphere 半球
hyper- excessive, above 超过，在……之上 hyperglycemia 高血糖
hypo- under 低于，在……之下 hypodermic 皮下的
in- not 不，否 indigestion 消化不良
inter- between 在……之间 intercostal 肋间的
intra- within 在……之内 intravenous 静脉内的
leuc/o- white 白色的 leucocyte 白细胞
macr/o- large 巨大的 macrophage 巨噬细胞
micr/o small 小的 microbiology 微生物
mono- one 单，一 monocellular 单细胞的
multi- many 很多 multilateral 多边的
poly- many 很多的 polyuria 多尿的
post- behind, after 在……后面 postocular 眼球后的
pre- before (time) 时间/位置之前的 premature 未成熟的
Prefix Meaning Example
re- again 再 repolarization 复极
semi- half 半 semipermeable 半透的
sub- under 下面的 subcutaneous 皮下的
tri- three 三 tricuspid 三尖（瓣）的
Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Example
-algia pain 痛 arthralgia 关节痛
-ase enzyme 酶 protease 蛋白酶
-crine to secrete 分泌 endocrine 内分泌 -cyte cell细胞 erythrocyte 红细胞 -dynia pain 痛 gastrodynia 胃痛 -ectomy excision 切除 appendectomy 阑尾切除术 -emia
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