General chemistry is an important basic curriculum in medical colleges. Through the study of general chemistry, students can master the essential concepts, theories and their applications in medicine. All these can be helpful for students consequent courses, work, scientific research and ability training.
The present book is intended to serve as a textbook for international students majoring in medical professional. It also applies to the bilingual teaching for clinical medical students as well as the students from other related specialties such as preventive medicine, medical imaging, nursing, stomatology, pharmacy, and public health services.
The teaching material is written by the teachers who have taught international students for years. Many years of teaching practice in English and educational research has made the contents of general chemistry more rational and practical.
The textbook is designed to put chemistry in the context of medical science as well as other disciplines in which an understanding of the fundamentals of chemistry and of living things is valuable. The material covered collects nearly all key points of general chemistry and systematically practical exercises which involve medical points. We hope we have set up a clear bridge between chemistry and medicine by the text edition. Otherwise, in science field, chemistry is the foundation of biochemistry, molecular biology, medicine, pharmacy and other medical related scope. It can provide methods to analyze and solve medical related problems. Therefore, it is very important to study general chemistry for medical students, not only for knowledge memorizing, but using chemistry as a proper tool to analyze and solve problems.
This book is a good introduction to general chemistry for the first year medical students. The teaching material is edited in thirteen chapters, mainly introducing chemical knowledge needed in higher education such as the theory of dilute solutions, the principle of physical chemistry, basic knowledge of material structure, analytical methods, etc. The first four chapters (except for Chapter 1) introduce the concepts of solutions, including the colligative properties of dilute solutions in Chapter 2, electrolyte solutions in Chapter 3, buffer solutions in Chapter 4. We discuss the method and significance of acid-base titration in Chapter 5. The Chapter 6, and Chapter 7 deal with the thermodynamics and the kinetics of chemical reactions. Chemical equilibrium and electrochemistry are discussed in the next two chapters, and then from chapter 10 to 11, the materials focus on the structures of atoms and molecules. At last, the coordination compounds and colloids will be discussed. At the end of the book, there are the answers to all the problems presented in this book.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of the contributors who wrote or edited the chapters of this textbook.
The support of the institution, International College, Tianjin Medical University is essential for this book. We especially would like to acknowledge HAN Fei, dean of the college, and his colleagues, for their encouragement and substantive support.
We appreciate the editors of the publisher, especially Mrs. Li Jun, for helpful advice and support.
We have made all efforts to make this book as clear, practical and readable as possible. Finally, we welcome any comments, criticisms and suggestions from readers on this book for the improvement of our work.
Chen Zhenghua Cao Haiyan Qiao Hua November 2019
主编陈正华：毕业于南开大学化学系，硕士学位，副教授，是天津医科大学批授予留学生教学资格的教师。1995年至今在天津医科大学从事医用化学本科生、留学生教学。从事留学生英文授课17年。主持国家十五重点立项课题21世纪中国高等学校农林/医药类专业数理化基础课程的创新与实践子项目 ，医学化学（基础化学、有机化学融为一体）新课程体系的创新与研究，主持天津医科大学教学研究基金医用基础化学双语教学课程建设，参与卫生部课题---视听教材医用化学综合性实验。主编供留学生使用的教材《GENERAL CHEMISTRY》，《Guid to Chemical Experiments》，《Experimental Organic Chemistry Fo rMedical Students》，校内出版。主持编写教育部全英文临床医学专业《基础化学英语教学大纲》。参编教育科学十五国家规划课题研究成果《医用化学实验》 高等教育出版社，《基础化学习题解析》 高等教育出版社， 《医用基础化学实验》 科学普及出版社。
Chapter 1 Introduction // 1
1.1 Chemistry is a Central Science // 1
1.2 The Scope of the Book // 1
1.3 Advice for Studying Chemistry // 2
Chapter 2 Colligative Properties of Dilute Solutions // 3
2.1 Concentration Expressions //3
2.2 Lowering of Vapor Pressure and RAOULTS Law // 4
2.3 Boiling Point Elevation // 6
2.4 Freezing Point Depression //7
2.5 Osmotic Pressure // 8 Exercises // 12
Chapter 3 Acid-Base Dissociation Equilibria // 13
3.1 Br?nsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases //13
3.2 The Autoionization of Water and the pH Scale // 15
3.3 Ionization Constants for Weak Acids and Bases // 16
3.4 Calculating the pH of Solutions of Weak Acids and Bases // 20 Problems // 25
Chapter 4 Buffer Solutions // 26
4.1 Composition and Action of Buffer solutions // 26
4.2 The pH Value of Buffer Solutions // 27
4.3 Buffer Capacity and Buffer Range //29
4.4 Preparation of Buffer Solutions // 30
4.5 Buffer Solutions in Human Blood // 32 Problems // 33
Chapter 5 Acid-Base Titration // 35
5.1 Introduction // 35
5.2 Acid-Base Indicators // 35
5.3 The Titration Curve and the Selection of Indicators // 37
5.4 Standard Solutions of Acids and Bases // 41
5.5 Application of Acid-Base Titration // 43 Problems // 44
Chapter 6 Thermodynamics // 45
6.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics // 45
6.2 Thermochemistry // 48
6.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics // 52
6.4 Molar Gibbs Free Energy of Reaction // 54 Problems // 57
Chapter 7 Chemical Kinetics // 59
7.1 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction // 59
7.2 The Theory of Chemical Kinetics // 60
7.3 Effect of Concentration on Rates of Reactions // 61
7.4 Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates // 65 Problems // 66
Chapter 8 Chemical Equilibrium // 67
8.1 The Concept of Equilibrium // 67
8.2 Equilibrium Constants // 67
8.3 Calculating Values of Equilibrium Constants // 68
8.4 Application of Equilibrium Constants // 68 Problems // 69
Chapter 9 Electrochemistry // 70
9.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions // 70
9.2 Voltaic Cells // 71
9.3 Electrode Potentials and Cell Potentials // 73
9.4 The Uses of Electrode Potentials // 77 Problems // 79
Chapter 10 Atomic Structure and Periodicity // 81
10.1 The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen and the Bohr Theory //81
10.2 The Properties of Microscopic Particles // 82
10.3 The Structure of Hydrogen Atom // 83
10.4 Many-Electron Atoms // 88
10.5 The Periodic Table // 91 Problems // 93
Chapter 11 Covalent Bond and Intermolecular Forces // 95
11.1 Covalent Bond and the Valence Bond Theory // 95
11.2 Hybrid Orbital Theory // 98
11.3 Molecular Orbital Theory // 101
11.4 Delocalized Bond // 104
11.5 Intermolecular Forces and Hydrogen Bonding // 105 Problems // 107
Chapter 12 Coordination Compounds // 109
12.1 Introduction to Coord ination Compounds // 109
12.2 Bonding Theory of Coordination Compounds // 112
12.3 Coordination Equilibria // 114
12.4 Chelate // 117
Problems // 118
Chapter 13 Colloids // 119
13.1 Colloidal Disperse System // 119
13.2 The Properties of Sol // 119
Problems // 124
Keys to Exercises // 125
Appendix A Standard Thermodynamic Data for Selected Substances at 298.15 K // 131
Appendix B Standard Molar Enthalpies of Combustion for Selected Substances at 298.15 K // 133 Appendix C Cumulative Stability Constants of Coordination Compounds
(298.15 K) // 134
References // 140
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