智慧书（中英双语典藏本）_[西] 巴尔塔沙·葛拉西安（Baltasar Gracian）著，_9787802117471

　　《智慧书（中英双语典藏本）》汇集了300则绝妙的格言警句，论及识人观事、慎断是非、修炼自我、防范邪恶等处世智慧和谋略。叔本华将其译为德文，赞誉它“绝对独特”；尼采则断言：“在剖析道德方面，整个欧洲没人能比葛拉西安更为慎密、更为精细。”而且，它还与《君王论》、《孙子兵法》一同被欧洲学者视为千百年来人类思想史上具有永恒价值的三大智慧奇书。

　　1.Everything is at its acme

　　Everything is at its acme,especially the art of making one’s way in the world.There is more required nowadays to make a single wise man than formerly to make Seven Sages,and more is needed nowadays to deal with a single person than was required with a whole people in former times.

　　1.万物已近极致

　　万物已近极致，为人处世的艺术更是如此。当今若想成就一位智者，花费的工夫比造就希腊七贤①还要多；现在要应付一个人，所需的智谋比从前应付整整一个民族还要多。

　　2.Character and intellect

　　Character and intellect:the two poles of our capacity;one without the other is but halfway to happiness.Intellect does not suffice,character is also needed.On the other hand,it is the fool’s misfortune,to fail in obtaining the position,the employment,the neighbourhood,and the circle of friends that suit him.

　　2.品性与智慧

　　品性与智慧，是组成人类才能的两个要素。要走向幸福生活，缺少哪一个都将半途而废。仅仅拥有智慧是不够的，还要有好的品性。蠢人的不幸，在于没有适合他的地位、职业、邻居与朋友圈子。

　　3.Keep matters for a time in suspense

　　Keep matters for a time in suspense.Admiration at their novelty heightens the value of your achievements.It is both useless and insipid to play with the cards on the table.If you do not declare yourself immediately,you arouse expectation,especially when the importance of your position makes you the object of general attention.Mix a little mystery with everything,and the very mystery arouses veneration.And when you explain,be not too explicit,just as you do not expose your inmost thoughts in ordinary intercourse.Cautious silence is the holy of holies of worldly wisdom.A resolution declared is never highly thought of;it only leaves room for criticism.And if it happens to fail,you are doubly unfortunate.Besides you imitate the Divine way when you cause men to wonder and watch.

　　3.做事时常留有悬念

　　做事时常留有悬念。若你的成功出人意料，则更能受到钦佩。任何事若昭然若揭，都会让人感到索然无味。若不急于公开自己所做之事，就会使人期待。若你地位显赫，将更能引人注目。将任何事都染上一层神秘的色彩，正是神秘引起尊崇。即便是阐明情况，也不要过于直白，就像在日常交往中不会暴露自己真实的想法一样。谨慎地保持沉默是世间智慧之精髓。公开声明的决心从不会获得高的评价，只给他人的品头论足留下口实。若所行之事恰巧以失败收场，你就会遭受双重的打击。若想引人惊奇与注意，就向那些缄默的神灵学习吧。

　　4.Knowledge and courage

　　Knowledge and courage are the elements of Greatness.They give immortality,because they are immortal.Each is as much as he knows,and the wise can do anything.A man without knowledge,a world without light.Wisdom and strength,eyes and hands.Knowledge without courage is sterile.

　　4.有识亦应有胆

　　有识亦应有胆，这是成为伟人的要素。知识与勇气是不朽的，同样可使人不朽。懂得多少，便有多伟大；若你学识渊博，则无事不可为。一个人无知，正如世界没有光明。智慧与力量，就像双眼与双手。有识无胆者亦无所成。

　　5.Create a feeling of dependence

　　Create a feeling of dependence.Not he that adorns but he that adores makes a divinity.The wise man would rather see men needing him than thanking him.To keep them on the threshold of hope is diplomatic,to trust to their gratitude boorish;hope has a good memory,gratitude a bad one.More is to be got from dependence than from courtesy.He that has satisfied his thirst turns his back on the well,and the orange once sucked falls from the golden platter into the waste-basket.When dependence disappears,good behaviour goes with it as well as respect.Let it be one of the chief lessons of experience to keep hope alive without entirely satisfying it,by preserving it to make oneself always needed even by a patron on the throne.But let not silence be carried to excess lest you go wrong,nor let another’s failing grow incurable for the sake of your own advantage.

　　5.让别人依赖你

　　让别人依赖你。神之所以为神，不在于人们装饰其雕像，而在于人们诚心诚意地崇拜它。智者宁愿他人时刻需要自己，而非感激自己。保持他人的希求是智慧的，期望别人的感激是愚蠢的；期盼让人牢记，而感激使人忘却。受人依赖，比受人恭敬更有益。人解了渴之后，往往转身离开井边；橘子一旦榨干，便会被人从金盘子中扔到垃圾筐里。当人们对你的依赖消失，良好的品行和尊敬也会随着消失。努力保持人们对你的渴求之心，且不使其得到完全满足，这是最重要的人生经验之一。此法让你变得不可或缺，甚至连王座上的君主也永远需要你。但是不要做得太过分，以免误入歧途，也不要为了一己之私而让别人陷入病入膏肓的绝境。

　　6.A man at his highest point

　　A man at his highest point.We are not born perfect:every day we develop in our personality and in our calling till we reach the highest point of our completed being,to the full round of our accomplishments,of our excellences.This is known by the purity of our taste,the clearness of our thought,the maturity of our judgment,and the firmness of our will.Some never arrive at being complete,somewhat is always awanting;others ripen late.The complete man,wise in speech,prudent in act,is admitted to the familiar intimacy of discreet persons,is even sought for by them.

　　6.至善至美的境界

　　至善至美的境界。我们并非天生完美之人，因此应日求渐进，做到德业兼修，直至尽善尽美，禀赋圆成，成就非凡。完美与否，如何判断？这正是大家所常说的：品味是否纯正，头脑是否清醒，判断是否成熟，意志是否坚定。有些人从来达不到至善的境界，总是有所欠缺；另外一些人则大器晚成。完美的人，言辞中透出智慧，行事谨慎小心，会使贤达之人乐于与之为伍，甚至追随。

　　7.Avoid victories over superiors

　　Avoid victories over superiors.All victories breed hate,and that over your superior is foolish or fatal.Superiority is always detested,let alone superiority over superiority.Caution can gloss over common advantages;for example,good looks may are cloaked by careless attire.There are some that will grant you precedence in good luck or good temper,but none in good sense,least of all a prince;for good sense is a royal prerogative,any claim of superiority in that is a crime against majesty.They are princes,and wish to be so in that most princely of qualities.They will allow a man to help them but not to surpass them,and will have any advice tendered them appear like a recollection of something they have forgotten rather than as a guide to something they cannot find.The stars teach us this finesse with happy tact:though they are his children and brilliant like him,they never rival the brilliancy of the sun.

　　7.不要比上司更耀眼

　　不要比上司更耀眼。所有的成功都会引起嫉恨，若超过上司，更是愚蠢，甚至是致命的。优越者总是引起他人的憎恨，更别说超过位高权重之人。人要善于将自己的优势深藏不露。举个例子，姣好的面容可以用不经意的装束来遮掩。也许有人不在乎你有好的运气或是温良的秉性，但是没人会乐意——尤其是君主——你在判断力上超过他，因为优秀的判断力是王者特有的能力，你一定要僭越，便是对其不敬。身为君主，自然希望在判断力这一最高贵之特质上远胜一筹。他们可以允许旁人辅佐，却不允许有人超越；要让他们采纳建议，就要像是帮他们回想起忘掉的东西，而不是指引他们去找其久寻不得之物。天上的星辰教会了我们这种愉快的处世策略：它们是太阳之子，并且与太阳一样光亮，却从不与太阳争辉。

　　8.To be without passions

　　To be without passions.It is a privilege of the highest order of mind.Their very eminence redeems them from being affected by transient and low impulses.There is no higher rule than that over oneself,over one’s impulses:there is the triumph of free will.While passion rules the character,do not let it threaten your position,especially if it is a high one.It is the only refined way of avoiding scandals;nay,it is the shortest way back to good repute.

　　8.不被激情左右

　　不被激情左右。这是最优秀的头脑才有的品质。这种优良品质使人免受短暂而低俗的冲动影响。没有什么驾驭能高于驾驭自身及自身之冲动——这是一种意志上的胜利。即便激情控制了你的脾气，也不要让它威胁你的地位；如果地位不低，你更需注意。这是避免丑闻的唯一坦途，也是重获荣誉的最短路径。

　　9.Avoid the faults of your nation

　　Avoid the faults of your nation.Water shares the good or bad qualities of the strata through which it flows,and men those of the climate in which they are born.Some owe more than others to their native land,because there is a more favourable sky in the zenith.There is not a nation even among the most civilized that has not some fault peculiar to itself which other nations blame by way of boast or as a warning.It is a triumph of cleverness to correct in oneself such national failings,or even to hide them:you get great credit for being unique among your fellows,and as it is less expected of you it is esteemed the more.There are also family failings as well as faults of position,of office or of age.If these all meet in one person and are not carefully guarded against,they make an intolerable monster.

　　9.避免土生土长的缺陷

　　避免土生土长的缺陷。水流之品质受河床土质之好坏的影响，人之品性受出生之气候优劣的影响。有些人会比别人更受故乡的恩泽，因为那里天清气爽。任何国家（即便是最文明的国家）都有其独特的缺陷——正是这些缺陷，让别的国家聊以自慰或是小心防范。纠正自己的缺陷，或甚至隐藏起这些缺陷，是最明智的胜利。你在同胞中鹤立鸡群，就会赢得好的声誉，出人意料的成功总是更受钦佩。其他的缺陷则源自家庭、职位、职业和所处的时代。如果所有这些缺陷都体现在一个人身上，并且没被小心约束，那定会让他成为无法忍受的怪物。

　　10.Fortune and fame

　　Fortune and fame.Where the one is fickle the other is enduring.The first for life,the second afterwards;the one against envy,the other against oblivion.Fortune is desired,at times assisted:fame is earned.The desire for fame springs from man’s best part.Fame was and is the sister of the giants;it always goes to extremes--horrible monsters or brilliant prodigies.

　　10.财富与名望

　　财富与名望。一个变化无常，一个永恒持久。财富是为了今生，名望是为了来世。得利要防人嫉妒，得名要防人遗忘。人都渴求财运，有时也能达成愿望；名气则是努力挣来的。对名声的渴望源自美德。从古至今，名望总与巨人相伴，且往往会使人走向两种极端——要么成为可恶的魔鬼，要么成为卓越的天才。

　　……

你还可能感兴趣

我要评论