能量收集、供电和应用

定　　价：129 元

丛书名：国际电气工程先进技术译丛

• 作者：[德]皮特·施皮斯（Peter Spies） 洛雷托·马特（Loreto Mateu
• 出版时间：2020/10/1
• ISBN：9787111663676
• 出 版 社：机械工业出版社

• 中图法分类：TM60 
• 页码：384
• 开本：16开

内容简介

本书系统地介绍了如何利用现有技术进行微能量的收集及应用，具有内容系统全面、范例丰富详尽、原理深入浅出、理论与实际紧密结合等特点。
本书共12章，分别讲述了自供电系统的工作原理和系统组成、传感器所能收集的各种能量形式、压电式传感器的工作原理、电磁传感器的工作原理、静电传感器的工作原理、热电发电机的工作原理、太阳能电池的系统组成、DC-DC转换器在微能量收集和转换中的应用、AC-DC转换器在不同工作场景下的应用、射频技术在微能量传输中的应用、电子缓冲存储器在能量收集中的应用、能量收集电源的应用领域及其系统架构。
本书可作为高等院校微电子、电子工程、仪器仪表、新能源等专业本科生和研究生的教材和参考书，也可供从事相关领域工作的技术人员参考。

目 录

译者序
原书前言
第 1章　系统设计 ······················ 1
1.1　介绍···························1
1.2　输入能量 ························2
1.3　能量转换器 ························5
1.4　整流器 ··························8
1.5　电源管理单元 ·······················9
1.6　负载设备 ························10
1.6.1　连续和间断负载运行···················11
1.6.2　低功耗传感器 ·····················13
1.6.3　低功耗微控制器和收发器·················15
1.7　储能元件 ························16
1.8　多个输入能量的组合····················17
1.9　能量平衡运行 ·······················17
1.9.1　能量平衡运行的一般条件··················20
1.9.2　N种功耗模式下的能量平衡运行条件··············22
1.10　结论····························23
参考文献·····························24
第 2章　输入能量 ························ 28
2.1　机械能 ···························28
2.1.1　特征参数 ·························28
2.1.2　测量装置 ·························32
2.1.3　实验装置 ·························33
2.2　光······························35
2.2.1　常用光源的光谱·······················36
2.2.2　测量技术 ························37
2.2.3　实验装置 ·························39
2.3　热能····························41
2.3.1　参数表征 ·························41
2.3.2　测量设置 ·························42
2.3.3　实验装置 ·························47
参考文献·····························48
第 3章　压电式传感器 ······················· 51
3.1　历史·····························51
3.2　材料加工 ··························51
3.2.1　物理现象 ·························53
3.2.2　机电一体化模型·······················56
3.3　功率转换 ··························59
3.4　电网阻抗 ··························62
3.4.1　弱耦合 ··························63
3.4.2　最佳电阻和功率·······················65
3.5　几种相同传感器的应用·····················71
3.5.1　分析考虑 ·························71
3.5.2　两台发电机串联连接·····················72
3.5.3　结果讨论 ·························73
3.5.4　实验验证 ··························74
3.6　结论·····························74
参考文献·····························75
第 4章　电磁传感器 ························ 76
第 1部分　技术现状·························76
4.1　文献综述及电磁振动传感器的“现状”···············76
4.2　文献的结论 ··························78
第 2部分　分析描述 —谐振式振动传感器设计的基本工具········79
4.3　谐振式振动传感器························79
4.4　机械子系统 ·························80
4.4.1　线性弹簧系统 ························80
4.4.2　非线性弹簧系统························81
4.5　电磁子系统 ··························83
4.5.1　电磁感应基础 ························83
4.5.2　电气网络表示法························84
4.6　整体系统 ···························86
4.6.1　常见行为 ··························86
4.6.2　一阶功率估计 ························88
4.7　机械振动的表征与处理·····················89
4.8　分析得出的结论························92
第 3部分　电磁振动传感器的应用设计 ················96
4.9　电磁振动传感器························96
4.10　可用振动：发展的基础 ····················97
4.10.1　耦合结构与边界条件·····················98
4.11　优化过程 ··························100
4.11.1　磁通梯度的计算·······················100
4.11.2　一般计算方法························101
4.11.3　优化结果 ·························102
4.12　谐振器设计 ··························104
第 4部分　原型性能··························107
4.13　转导因子 ···························107
4.14　频率响应特性 ························108
参考文献······························110
第 5章　静电传感器 ·························115
5.1物理原理 ·····························115
5.1.1　介绍·····························115
5.1.2　能量转换机理 ·························116
5.1.3　开关操作方案 ························116
5.1.4　连续运行方案 ·························118
5.2　实施······························119
5.2.1　总体设计考虑 ·························119
5.2.2　电极几何形状 ·························120
5.3　分析和数值模型··························126
5.3.1　分析描述 ···························126
5.4　数值模型 ····························128
5.5　功率输出及器件性能·······················129
5.5.1　设备设计 ···························129
5.5.2　装置性能 ···························130
5.6　设备制造和特性描述·························134
5.6.1　制造·······························134
5.6.2　特性描述 ·····························136
5.7　优化注意事项 ····························138
参考文献·································139
第 6章　热电发电机 ····························142
6.1　物理原理 ·······························142
6.1.1　塞贝克效应 ·····························142
6.1.2　珀耳帖效应 ·····························143
6.1.3　汤姆逊效应 ·····························143
6.1.4　开尔文关系 ·····························143
6.2　转换效率和优点·····························144
6.2.1　热电发电效率 ····························144
6.2.2　热电性能指标 ····························146
6.3　热电材料 ·······························147
6.3.1　理论材料方面 ····························147
6.3.2　材料研究 ······························148
6.3.3　技术相关资料 ····························150
6.4　热电模块结构 ·····························151
6.5　微型发电机 ······························156
6.5.1　垂直配置的微型发电机·························156
6.5.2　卧式微型发电机····························161
6.6　系统级设计和 TEG集成到能量收集应用程序中 ···············162
6.6.1　系统级模型 ·····························162
6.6.2　人体可穿戴电子设备的 TEG集成·····················163
6.6.3　利用温度变化和瞬态 TEG行为 ·····················164
6.7　总结··································165
参考文献··································165
第 7章　太阳能电池 ·····························168
7.1　光伏器件 ·······························168
7.1.1　太阳能电池的最大效率·························171
7.2　微能量收集应用中的光伏技术 ·······················174
7.2.1　在标准测试条件下显示出的效率 ····················174
7.2.2　室内条件下的效率和测试方法 ······················174
7.2.3　外部和标准条件····························176
7.2.4　室内条件 ·······························177
7.3　光伏电池的电流、电压和功率输出的调整··················180
7.3.1　电路几何的优化·····························181
7.3.2　特定应用的布局·····························182
7.3.3　没有储能系统的模块布局···············183
7.3.4　储能系统的布局······························184
7.4　结束语 ·····························186
参考文献 ·········································187
第 8章　DC-DC转换器 ·······················193
8.1　线性稳压器 ·········································193
8.1.1　电路··············································193
8.1.2　分析模型 ···································193
8.1.3　效率计算 ·····································195
8.1.4　设计优化 ······································195
8.2　开关稳压器 ·········································195
8.2.1　降压转换器 ··································196
8.2.2　升压转换器 ···································204
8.2.3　降压 -升压转换器 ·····················209
8.2.4　反激式转换器 ······························213
8.2.5　电荷泵 ··········································214
8.2.6　基于 Meissner振荡器的转换器 ·······222
8.2.7　负载匹配 ········································224
参考文献·····················································231
第 9章　AC-DC转换器 ·····················233
9.1　用于压电传感器的 AC-DC转换器··············233
9.1.1　电压倍增器 ·····························233
9.1.2　带倍压器的半波整流器··············235
9.1.3　直接放电电路 ···························236
9.1.4　直流放电电路与 DC-DC转换器配合使用 ···························242
9.1.5　非线性技术 ····································246
9.2　用于静电传感器的 AC-DC转换器············258
9.2.1　物理原理 ···································258
9.2.2　用于电荷约束转换周期的 AC-DC电路 ································261
9.2.3　电荷约束转换循环的效率计算 ···································266
9.2.4　电压约束能量转换循环的电路 ···········266
9.2.5　电压约束能量转换循环的效率计算 ··························270
9.3　用于电动传感器的 AC-DC转换器·········270
9.3.1　通用 AC-DC转换器 ··························270
9.3.2　双极性升压转换器··························272
9.3.3　直接 AC-DC转换 ···························272
9.4　结论··········································283
参考文献···········································284
第 10章　射频电力传输 ·······················288
10.1　引言······································288
10.2　物理原理 ···········································288
10.2.1　电磁场：发电和辐射 ················288
10.2.2　频段：特征和用法 ·····················291
10.2.3　基本概念 ······································292
10.2.4　电感耦合 ····································293
10.2.5　远场无线电传输························297
10.3　设计优化 ········································298
10.3.1　高频信号的产生和放大············298
10.3.2　天线和匹配 ································299
10.3.3　电压整流和稳定·························300
10.4　无线电力传输的效率························300
10.4.1　低频传输效率 ·····························300
10.4.2　高频传输效率 ····························302
10.4.3　系统效率 ·······························302
10.5　应用示例：无源 RFID系统···············303
参考文献·····························304
第 11章　用于能量收集的电子缓冲存储器 ···············305
11.1　引言 ···························305
11.2　物理原理 ···························307
11.2.1　二次电池 ····································307
11.2.2　固态薄膜锂电池··························312
11.2.3　超级电容器 ······························314
11.3　微型二次电池技术的实现 ··············316
11.3.1　硬币型电池 ·····························317
11.3.2　锂离子 /锂聚合物电池···············319
11.3.3　固态薄膜电池························323
11.3.4　其他微电池 ···························328
11.3.5　摘要 ······························329
11.4　电池动态特性和等效电路 ················330
11.5　展望 ········································334
参考文献········································335
第 12章　能量收集电源的应用 ···············337
12.1　楼宇自动化 ·······························339
12.1.1　系统架构和应用设备·····························339
12.1.2　转换器 ···································343
12.2　状态监测 ····································344
12.2.1　系统架构 ································344
12.2.2　应用设备 ································346
12.2.3　转换器 ···································347
12.3　结构健康监测 ······························349
12.3.1　系统架构 ·······························349
12.3.2　应用设备 ································350
12.4　运输····································352
12.4.1　轮胎压力监测 ························352
12.4.2　航空学 ···························355
12.5　物流····························356
12.5.1　系统架构和应用设备····················356
12.5.2　转换器 ·······················358
12.6　消费类电子产品··························358
12.6.1　系统架构 ····························359
12.6.2　应用设备 ··························359
12.6.3　转换器 ····························361
12.7　结论·······························364
参考文献·······························366