这才是心理学（第11版，英文版）告诉你什么才是真正的心理学，利用批判性思维对“伪心理学”说不！清华大学心理学系主任彭凯_基思·斯坦诺维奇_9787115511843

在今天的大众媒体和图书市场上，到处充斥着关于潜能提升、心理操控、色彩星座、催眠读心等伪装成心理学的主题，更有一些伪心理学家、所谓的心理治疗师打着心理学的旗号欺世盗名，从中渔利。在浩如烟海、良莠不齐的心理学信息面前，如何拨除迷雾，去伪存真，成为一个明智的心理学信息的消费者？这本书将教给你科学实用的批判性思维技能，将真正的心理学研究从伪心理学中区分出来，告诉你什么才是真正的心理学。《这才是心理学》首版于1983年，30多年来一直被奉为心理学入门经典，在全球大学中享有盛誉，现在呈现在读者面前的是英文第11版。这本书并不同于一般的心理学导论类教材，很多内容是心理学课堂上不曾讲授的，也是许多心理学教师在教学中感到只可意会而不可言传的。作者正是从此初衷出发，以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、贴近生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了可证伪性、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。与上一版相比，第11版更新了*的研究资料和实例以及290篇参考文献。本书不仅适合于心理学专业的学生，有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判性思维技能与意识，而其通俗易读性也非常适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者，它将帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解，学会独立地评估心理学信息，用科学的精神和方法理解自己和他人的行为。此外，由于心理学与其他学科的共通性，本书也不失为一本精彩有趣的科学哲学类读物。

refacexiv 1Psychology Is Alive and Well(and Doing Fine Among the Sciences)1 The Freud Problem 1 The Diversity of Modern Psychology 3 Implications of Diversity 4 Unity in Science 4 What, Then, Is Science? 6 Systematic Empiricism 7 Publicly Verifiable Knowledge: Replication and Peer Review8 Empirically Solvable Problems: Scientists Search for Testable Theories 10 Psychology and Folk Wisdom: The Problem with Common Sense 11 Psychology as a Young Science 15Summary 16
2 Falsifiability: How to Foil LittleGreen Men in the Head17 Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion 18 The Theory of Knocking Rhythms 19 Freud and Falsifiability 20 The Little Green Men 22 Not All Confirmations Are Equal 23 Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom 24 The Freedom to Admit a Mistake 25 Thoughts Are Cheap 27 Errors in Science: Getting Closer to the Truth 2 8Summary 30
3 Operationism and Essentialism:But, Doctor, What Does It Really Mean? 31 Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists 31 Essentialists Like to Argue About the Meaning of Words 32 Operationists Link Concepts to Observable Events 32 Reliability and Validity 34 Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions 37 Scientific Concepts Evolve 38 Operational Definitions in Psychology 40 Operationism as a Humanizing Force 42 Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 43 Summary 44
4 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence:Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 45 The Place of the Case Study 47 Why Testimonials Are Worthless: Placebo Effects 48 The Vividness Problem 51 The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case 53 Why Vivid Anecdotes and Testimonials Are So Potent 54The Amazing Randi: Fighting Fire with Fire 55Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience 57Summary 62
5 Correlation and Causation: BirthControl by the Toaster Method 63 The Third-Variable Problem 64 Why Goldbergers Evidence Was Better 65 The Directionality Problem 68Selection Bias 70Summary 72
6 Getting Things Under Control:The Case of Clever Hans 74Snow and Cholera 75 Comparison, Control, and Manipulation 76 Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation Defines the True Experiment 77 The Importance of Control Groups 79 The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse 83 Clever Hans in the 1990s and in the Present Day 85 Prying Variables Apart: Special Conditions 88 Intuitive Physics 90 Intuitive Psychology 91Summary 93
7 But Its Not Real Life!:The Artificiality Criticism and Psychology94 Why Natural Isnt Always Necessary 94 The Random Sample Versus Random Assignment Confusion96 Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications 97 Applications of Psychological Theory 99 The College Sophomore Problem 101 The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective 104 Summary 105
8 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome:The Importance of Converging Evidence 106 The Connectivity Principle 107 A Consumers Rule: Beware of Violations of Connectivity 108 The Great-Leap Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model 109 Converging Evidence: Progress Despite Flaws 110Types of Converging Evidence 113 Scientific Consensus 118 Methods and the Convergence Principle 118 The Progression to More Powerful Methods 119 A Counsel Against Despair 122 Summary 124 9 The Misguided Search for the Magic Bullet:The Issue of Multiple Causation 125 The Concept of Interaction 126 The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation 128Summary 131
10 The Achilles Heel of HumanCognition: Probabilistic Reasoning 132 Person-Who Statistics 135 Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 136 Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning 138 Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information 139 Failure to Use Sample-Size Information 140 The Gamblers Fallacy 142 A Further Word About Statistics and Probability 144 Summary 146
11 The Role of Chance in Psychology 147 The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events 147 Explaining Chance: Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control 150 Chance and Psychology 151 Coincidence 151 Personal Coincidences 153 Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error: Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction 155 Summary 160
12 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 162 Psychologys Image Problem 163 Psychology and Parapsychology 163 The Self-Help Literature 165 Recipe Knowledge 166 Psychology and Other Disciplines 167 Our Own Worst Enemies 168 Our Own Worst Enemies, Part II: Psychology Has Become an Ideological Monoculture 172 Isnt Everyone a Psychologist? Implicit Theories of Behavior 178 The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology 179 The Final Word 182 References 183 Name Index 210 Subject Index 217

你还可能感兴趣

我要评论